数字散斑时间序列相关三维面形测量方法

提出了一种测量三维面形的新方法,将随机数字散斑投影到参考平面上,深度方向等间距平移参考平面,用CCD提取时间序列散斑参考集R（t)。然后用被测物体取代参考平面,获取物体调制散斑图像O。O中的任意子图像O（x,y)与参考平面簇中对应位置的时间序列子图像R（x,y:t)之间的交叉相关值曲线呈高斯分布,其峰值位置就是被测物点的高度。该方法摆脱了以前数字散斑测量法水平相关思路,是真正的时间序列相关方法,且原理简单,测量精度高,不需要复杂的相位展开和校准过程,特别适用于测量突变面形和空间离散面形,根据测量结果的误差特征,提出了相关值加权邻平均插值算法,能得到比邻平均算法更好的测量结果。     

Two simple methods for overall determination of mobility in dynamic speckle patterns

In this work, we present two simple methods to quantify the mobility of dynamic speckle patterns. The first method is based on the averaged pixel intensity differences between subsequent frames, while the second simply counts the fraction of pixels whose intensity changes with time in more than a certain quantity related to background noise. We have analyzed the applicability of these methods to different specimens (inorganic and biological) and compared the results to check their validity.     

X‐ray speckle visibility spectroscopy in the single‐photon limit

The technique of speckle visibility spectroscopy has been employed for the measurement of dynamics using coherent X‐ray scattering. It is shown that the X‐ray contrast within a single exposure can be related to the relaxation time of the intermediate scattering function, and this methodology is applied to the diffusion of 72 nm‐radius latex spheres in glycerol. Data were collected with exposure times as short as 2 ms by employing a resonant shutter. The weak scattering present for short exposures necessitated an analysis formalism based on the spatial correlation function of individual photon charge droplets on an area detector, rather than the usual methods employed for intensity correlations. It is demonstrated that this method gives good agreement between theory and experiment and thus holds promise for extending area‐detector‐based coherent scattering methods to the study of faster dynamics than previously obtainable.     

高斯型弱散射屏产生的像面散斑场的分布特性研究

弱散射屏产生的远场散斑由一个中央亮斑和一个分布于亮斑周围而与正态散斑类似的散斑结构, 根据弱散射屏远场的散斑图样, 人们假设弱散射屏产生的像面散斑为均匀背景与正态散斑两者相干叠加的结果, 但这种假设与实际像面散斑存在歧异, 基于上述情况, 本文利用4f高通滤波光学成像系统, 研究了高斯型弱散射屏产生的像面散斑场的统计特性, 得出只有表面均方根粗糙度与入射光波的波长相差不多时上述假设才是可行的结论. 关键词： 弱散射屏 f光学成像系统')" href="#">4f光学成像系统 像面散斑     

Diffraction grating interferometers for mechanical characterisations of advanced fabric laminates

It is demonstrated that two grating interferometers with high spatial resolutions can successfully be applied for the mechanical characterisation of the advanced fabric composite materials. Based on these two techniques, the mechanical properties of two kinds of fabric laminates are obtained without assumption of uniform strain fields to be used in the characterisation approaches using the local strain sensors. The degree of the yarn crimp effects of the two laminates is compared in terms of the out-of-plane displacement derivatives. Especially, it is shown that the grating shearing interferometer is appropriate for the crimped fabric structure requiring a three-dimensional analysis. The modification from moiré interferometer to grating shearing interferometer is performed by introducing a Michelson interferometer modified for image shearing.     

Measurement of transverse vibrations/visualization of mode shapes in square plate by using digital speckle pattern interferometry and wavelet transform

New filtering scheme is investigated and implemented on digital speckle pattern interferometric fringes to enhance the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) in the speckle interferograms. To establish the potential of new filtering scheme the experiment was conducted on the vibrating cantilever beam. Experimental results revealed that the new filtering scheme is more powerful than other known filtering schemes (Kumar et al. Opt Laser Eng 2004;41:81–93. Kumar et al. Opt Laser Technol 2001;33:567–571. Shakher et al. Opt Eng 2002;41:176–180. Shakher et al. Proceedings ICICS, Singapore, 9–12 September 1997, p. 953–956. Bowler et al. Proceedings of IEE second international conference on image processing, London, 1986, p. 24–26. Lim. Opt Eng 1981;20:670–678. Devila et al. J Mod Opt 1995;42:1795–1804; Kaufmann et al. Opt Eng 1996;35:9–14). The new scheme reduced the speckle noise and improved SNR in speckle interferograms. Further, the new investigated filtering scheme is implemented to study the mode shapes of square plates under two different boundary conditions. In the first condition all the edges of the square plate were fixed while in the second condition two adjacent edges were fixed and the remaining two edges were free. From the experimental results it is clear that the mode shapes are more distinctly visible with the implementation of the new filtering scheme as compared to other known schemes. Under both the boundary conditions the recorded resonance frequencies were compared with the calculated values of resonance frequencies based on classical theory. The results obtained form DSPI show good agreement with classical theory.     

Contrast and sensitivity of the vibration fringes in time-averaged electronic speckle-pattern interferometry: effect of variations of force level

The time averaged frame subtraction technique is improved by subtracting two Bessel fringe patterns at two different force levels. The technique enables significant enhancement of fringe contrast and increased measurement sensitivity. The contrast and sensitivity of the fringes obtained at different force ratios are investigated. Both theoretical and experimental results are presented.     

旋转锥镜散斑剪切术测量动态扭率和斜率

采用旋转锥镜技术，进行激光散斑剪切照相，测量变形物体的动态扭率和斜率，拍摄一幅散斑图可获得扭率和斜率动态变化的全过程。     

基于统计滤波的单幅散斑条纹图的相位恢复技术

基于统计信号处理技术的贝叶斯（Bayes）估计原理，提出一种新的滤波方法。该方法能有效减少散斑条纹图中的噪声，而且仅用一幅散区斑条纹图就能获得准确的条纹相位分布，通过实例说明了该方法的处理过程。